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Exemplary project of green cave dwellings in Loess Plateau

Jiaping LIU, Xinrong ZHU, Liu YANG, Rongrong HU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 122-130 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0005-1

摘要： The total annual energy consumption of people in rural areas in China is about 190 million tons of standard coal, and is still growing rapidly with the improvement of living standards. The reduction of this energy consumption is a key issue in China’s sustainable development. Focusing on the energy conservation of cave dwellings in the Loess Plateau, this paper aims to create a new prototype of cave dwelling that not only satisfies the requirements of the modern life of the residents but also inherits the energy-efficiency of traditional cave dwellings. For this purpose, a model cave dwelling is built at Zaoyuan Village, a cave-dwelling community in Yan’an, Shaanxi Province. In this cave dwelling, modern building energy efficiency principles and strategies such as natural ventilation, natural lighting, passive solar heating and earth cooling method are adopted. From the testing and subjective survey, it can be concluded that the new cave dwelling inherits the advantages of the traditional ones and has excellent performance in energy-efficiency, thermal comfort, and natural lighting.

关键词： new cave dwellings green buildings the Loess Plateau energy efficiency

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隧道穿越淤泥质充填溶洞施工力学行为研究

苗德海,莫阳春,王伟,陈涛

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第12期页码 41-46

摘要：

岩溶隧道施工时，不可避免地会遇到多种介质充填的溶洞。隧道穿越这类型的溶洞时，采用何种施工工法以及施工过程中隧道支护的稳定性已成为设计、施工的一个难点。选取宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道Ⅰ线DK255+925～+976段大型淤泥质充填溶洞为研究对象，采用三维快速拉格朗日法，对隧道开挖与支护过程中的力学行为进行研究，获得隧道在分步开挖、支护情况下围岩位移、初期支护内力及位移等的分布规律，计算分析结果对该隧道设计、施工提供理论支持，可为类似隧道工程借鉴、参考。

关键词：隧道工程淤泥质充填溶洞力学行为数值模拟

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宜万铁路别岩槽隧道地质超前预报综合技术

任少强

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第8期页码 99-106

摘要：

别岩槽隧道为宜万铁路首批开工的重难点、咽喉工程，被列为宜万铁路I级风险隧道。该隧道地质极为复杂，尤其是溶洞和地下暗河非常发育，被形象地称施工中可能有“六冒”现象发生。文章介绍了该隧道利用综合地质超前预报技术，避免了地质灾害事故的发生，保证了安全施工，并结合实践，总结了高风险隧道的地质超前预报综合技术。

关键词：风险隧道溶洞暗河综合超前预报

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变形速率比值判据与猫山隧道工程验证

李世煇,宋军

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第6期页码 85-91

摘要：

为了初步解决新奥法隧道工程支护初期缺乏有效的、定量的围岩稳定性判据以及塌方事故多见的技术难题，文章论述了变形速率比值判据假说的依据，得出阈值的方法及应用中常的五种典型情况；猫山公路隧道施工中正反两方面的演绎证明，两个断面应用变形速率比值判据预报险情，化险为夷，另一断面中止应用此判据后，发生大塌方；变形速率比值判据是一种典型信息法，是一种假说—演绎方法，是从定性到定量综合集成法的一种初步应用。

关键词：开放的复杂巨系统塌方事故变形速率比值判据典型信息法假说—演绎方法综合集成法

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New Challenges, New Opportunities and New Measures for Oil and Gas Cooperation in the Belt and Road

Yu-pu Wang,He Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 301-313 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016055

摘要： First-mover advantage and solid foundation of oil and gas cooperation is very important to the Belt and Road Initiative. Deeply studied opportunities and challenges of oil and gas cooperation have far-reaching significance to the cooperation in other industries in the Belt and Road. In this article, based on the systematic analysis of the oil and gas supply security, investment environment, regional win-win situation in oil and gas cooperation, new opportunities and challenges about upstream, pipeline, refining, trade, warehousing, engineering technology and equipment are studied. Enhancing capacities in four areas and implementing the 16 measures are given for deepening oil and gas cooperation in the future. Meanwhile, this article also gives suggestions and cooperation directions for countries and companies.

关键词： the Belt and Road oil & gas cooperation new challenges new opportunities new measures

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New Year’s Message for 2023

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1613-4

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Mechanical performance analysis and stiffness test of a new type of suspension bridge

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1160-1180 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0760-6

摘要： A new type of suspension bridge is proposed based on the gravity stiffness principle. Compared with a conventional suspension bridge, the proposed bridge adds rigid webs and cross braces. The rigid webs connect the main cable and main girder to form a truss that can improve the bending stiffness of the bridge. The cross braces connect the main cables to form a closed space truss structure that can improve the torsional stiffness of the bridge. The rigid webs and cross braces are installed after the construction of a conventional suspension bridge is completed to resist different loads with different structural forms. A new type of railway suspension bridge with a span of 340 m and a highway suspension bridge with a span of 1020 m were designed and analysed using the finite element method. The stress, deflection of the girders, unbalanced forces of the main towers, and natural frequencies were compared with those of conventional suspension bridges. A stiffness test was carried out on the new type of suspension bridge with a small span, and the results were compared with those for a conventional bridge. The results showed that the new suspension bridge had a better performance than the conventional suspension bridge.

关键词： new type of suspension bridge stiffness test mechanical performance railway bridge space truss

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New Year’s Message for 2022

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 14-14 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1538-3

摘要： 2022 marks the 15th anniversary of the journal of Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (FESE). To date, FESE has received more than 5500 submissions from more than 80 countries and our acceptance rate is ~20%. FESE has also been providing a communication and development platform by increasing its editorial board, organizing conferences, and setting up awards. We are grateful for the support from authors, reviewers, readers, and editorial colleagues to jointly make FESE an internationally recognized journal in the Environmental Science and Engineering field. FESE is becoming an important and irreplaceable forum on environmental issues. Nowadays, environmental issues have attracted tremendous attention and they call for solutions to combat pollution, to achieve carbon neutrality, to tackle climate change, and to promote sustainable development. Accordingly, research is tackling more complex challenges and FESE is conveying knowledge and technological solutions to address these challenges. FESE will implement several new initiatives in 2022. First, FESE will further increase the quality of its publications and its services to the Environmental Science and Engineering community. Second, FESE will publish articles in a more timely fashion by publishing them on a monthly basis. Third, we will introduce a new article style, “Opinion,” that will broaden our perspectives and focus. Fourth, we have been launching the first Young Talent Award which will recognize promising investigators. 2022 will certainly be a year full of passion and expectations. Hereby, we hope that FESE will march toward a higher level with the hard work from editorial board members and editorial office, the continuous support from authors and reviewers, and the close collaborations among Chinese Academy of Engineering, Tsinghua University, Higher Education Press, Springer, and other organizations. Finally, we wish you all a happy, healthy, and fruitful 2022!

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A new perspective in pyroptosis: lifting the veil on GSDMA activation

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 581-583 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0971-9

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Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要： The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词： energy chain new energy vehicle internal combustion engine vehicle life cycle cost technological learning

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Traditional Chinese medicine in the new century

Jianxiang Liu, Zhu Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 111-114 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0125-y

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The development trend and practical innovation of smart cities under the integration of new technologies

Xiaohong CHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 485-502 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0057-9

摘要： Smart cities have rapidly developed in the context of the integration of new digital technologies such as big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchains, and virtual reality. These cities have conducted practical innovations and typical cases in many sectors, such as in government, transportation, environmental protection, energy, medical care, and logistics, and have produced many social, economic, and ecological benefits. However, there are still some problems that continue to hinder the construction of smart cities. This paper examines such problems in depth and proposes some relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

关键词： new technology integration smart city big data practical innovation

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CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431

摘要：

China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.

To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.

Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.

Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).

With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).

We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.

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新一代人工智能引领下的制造业新模式与新业态研究

“新一代人工智能引领下的制造业新模式新业态研究”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第4期页码 66-72 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.04.011

摘要：

在新一代人工智能技术引领下，制造业的生产技术、组织方式、竞争策略等，都将面临重大调整，为制造业新模式与新业态的形成提供了可能。受新一代人工智能技术驱动，制造业实践中不断涌现由服务而产生的新模式新业态是本课题的研究核心。课题重点围绕由开展智能服务而产生的新模式和新业态进行研究，分析了在人工智能技术引领下，制造业的模式与业态的演进趋势，新模式与新业态的典型类型，支撑性、关键性技术；提出了新模式与新业态的发展方针、目标与途径。根据我国工业领域的发展基础与现状，选择远程运维服务和规模定制服务作为突破，提出两大业务模式在相关领域的发展方向以及发展目标，并提出相关政策建议。

关键词：人工智能制造业新模式新业态

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J-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension: a nationwide cohort study

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 156-164 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0932-3

摘要： We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset hypertension among Chinese adults. A total of 12,177 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was assessed by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or diagnosed by a physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset hypertension. During a median follow-up duration of 6.1 years, 4269 participants developed new-onset hypertension. Overall, the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension followed a J-shape (P for non-linearity < 0.001). The risk of new-onset hypertension significantly decreased with the increment of dietary zinc intake (per mg/day: hazard ratio (HR) 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–0.98) in participants with zinc intake < 10.9 mg/day, and increased with the increment of zinc intake (per mg/day: HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.11–1.16) in participants with zinc intake ≥ 10.9 mg/day. In conclusion, there was a J-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 10.9 mg/day.

关键词： dietary zinc intake new-onset hypertension general population CHNS